Governor-Commander Johannes de Graaff, who had only assumed his post in September and opened his colony to American ships, would welcome Dorea’s skipper, Captain Isaiah Robinson, who had arrived at the Dutch Caribbean island under orders of the Secret Committee to obtain munitions and military supplies. Robinson would leave behind a Philadelphia-printed copy of the Declaration of Independence.
First official salute to the American flag on board an American warship in a foreign port, 16 November 1776. Painting by Phillips Melville, depicting Continental Brig Andrew Doria receiving a salute from the Dutch fort at St. Eustatius, West Indies, 16 November 1776. The artist shows the “Grand Union” flag flying at Andrew Doria’s stern and foremast peak. Courtesy of the U.S. Navy Art Collection, Washington, D.C. Donation of Colonel Phillips Melville, USMC (Retired), 1977. Photo #: NH 85510-KN (color).
As described by Barbara Tuchman, The First Salute, A View of the American Revolution, 1988:
White puffs of gun smoke over a turquoise sea followed by the boom of cannon rose from the unassuming port on the diminutive Dutch island of St. Eustatius in the West Indies on 16 November 1776. The guns of Fort Orange on St. Eustatius were returning the ritual salute on entering a foreign port of an American vessel, the Andrew Doria, as she came up the roadstead, flying at her mast the red-and-white-striped flag of the Continental Congress. In its responding salute, the small voice of St. Eustatius was the first to officially greet the largest event of the century – the entry into the society of nations of a new Atlantic state destined to change the direction of history
The thing is, our story soon turned sour for many of those involved. Dorea, despite a victory at sea over the British 12-gun sloop-of-war Racehorse after a two-hour engagement near Puerto Rico on the return trip back to Philadelphia, would be burned to prevent capture during the fall of the City of Brotherly Love in 1777, and Robinson would pass under cloudy circumstances in 1781
The same year as Robinson’s death, the Royal Navy would make the Dutch pay for their salute and assistance to the Colonials, with ADM George Bridges Rodney forcing the surrender of Sint Eustatius in February 1781, saying:
This rock, of only six miles in length and three in breadth, has done England more harm than all the arms of her most potent enemies and alone supported the infamous rebellion. When I leave the island of St. Eustatius, it will be as barren a rock as the day it erupted from the sea. Instead of one of the greatest emporiums on earth, it will be a mere desert and known only by report.
As Rodney had 15 ships of the line and 3,000 sailors and marines, vs De Graaff’s 60 soldiers and 12 guns at Fort Oranje, the pillaging was a done deal and the British occupied the ravaged island for three years. De Graaff, who had been recalled to Holland to defend his actions in recognizing the American brig, would return to the island and rebuild his Graavindal estate, where he would die in 1813.
In 1939, with FDR embarked on USS Houston (CA-30) for Fleet Problem XX, the U.S. Navy and its biggest presidential champion stopped by the island and marked the “First Salute” in ceremony.
The event has often been revisited by passing U.S. Navy assets.
USS Richard K. Kraus (DD-849) during the commemoration of the first salute to the flag of the United States onboard US Brig-of-War Andrew Dorea, fired from the fort of Saint Eustatius (Netherlands Antilles) on 16 November 1776. Richard E. Kraus is answering the salute of the fort, 185 years later on 16 November 1961. NHHC Catalog #: S-524-G
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